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taiwanese [2012/09/19 16:23] monkeypuzzle [Tag questions] |
taiwanese [2012/09/19 20:57] monkeypuzzle [Numbers] |
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| Ta̍k-ke hó | 逐家好 | | Ta̍k-ke hó | 逐家好 | ||
| Chia̍h-pá%%--%%bōe | | Chia̍h-pá%%--%%bōe | ||
+ | | Gâu-chá! | ||
+ | | To-siā | ||
+ | | Bē | ||
+ | | Pháiⁿ-sè | 歹勢 | I'm sorry | | | ||
+ | | Sit-le̍ | 失禮 | I'm very sorry | | | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Talking about language === | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ | ||
+ | | Che Tâi-oân-ōe beh án-chóaⁿ kóng? | 這台灣話beh án-chóaⁿ講? | ||
+ | | Góa thiaⁿ bô | 我聽無 | I don't understand | | | ||
+ | | Chhiáⁿ kóng khah bān leh | 請講較慢leh | Please speak more slowly | | | ||
+ | | Chhiáⁿ koh kóng chi̍t-pái | 請koh講一pái | Please say that again | | | ||
+ | | Chhiáⁿ siá%%--%%lo̍h-lâi | 請寫落來 | Please write it down | | | ||
===== Grammar ===== | ===== Grammar ===== | ||
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<WRAP indent> | <WRAP indent> | ||
- | **Che sī toh-á.** | + | **Che sī toh-á.**\\ |
This is a table. | This is a table. | ||
- | **He sī bîn-chhn̂g.** | + | **He sī bîn-chhn̂g.**\\ |
That is a bed. | That is a bed. | ||
</ | </ | ||
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<WRAP indent> | <WRAP indent> | ||
- | **I m̄-sī Tân sian-siⁿ.** | + | **I m̄-sī Tân sian-siⁿ.**\\ |
He isn't Mr. Tân(陳). | He isn't Mr. Tân(陳). | ||
- | **Góa m̄-sī Ji̍t-pún-lâng.** | + | **Góa m̄-sī Ji̍t-pún-lâng.**\\ |
I'm not Japanese. | I'm not Japanese. | ||
</ | </ | ||
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==== The particle e(兮) ==== | ==== The particle e(兮) ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Ability and permission ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Both **ē-sái** and **ē-tàng** mean **being able to**. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **ē-sái** expresses that circumstances allow for something, while **ē-tàng** | ||
+ | expresses that authorization exists to do something. Not all speakers do this distinction, | ||
+ | |||
+ | The negation of these expressions are **bē-sái** and **bē-tàng**. | ||
+ | |||
+ | When politely requesting authorization, | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP indent> | ||
+ | **Chia kám ē-sái chia̍h-hun? | ||
+ | Can I smoke in here? | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Ē-sái**\\ | ||
+ | Yes, you can. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Bē-sái**\\ | ||
+ | No, you can't. | ||
+ | </ | ||
===== Vocabulary ===== | ===== Vocabulary ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Terms of address === | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ Taiwanese ^ Characters ^ English ^ Notes ^ | ||
+ | | Sin-seⁿ/ | ||
+ | | Sió-chiá | 小姐 | ||
+ | | O-jí-sáng | | Sir | <fs x-small> | ||
+ | | O-bá-sáng/ | ||
+ | | A-kong | 阿公 | Sir, grandpa | <fs x-small> | ||
+ | | A-má | 阿媽 | Lady, grandma | <fs x-small> | ||
+ | | Thâu-ke | 頭家 | Boss, manager, owner of a business | | | ||
+ | | Thâu-ke-niû | 頭家娘 | (Female) boss, manager, owner of a business | | | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Adjectives === | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Size == | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ Taiwanese ^ Characters ^ English ^ | ||
+ | | tōa | 大 | big | | ||
+ | | tiong | 中 | middle | | ||
+ | | sió | 小 | small | | ||
+ | | sè | 細 | small, tiny | | ||
=== Names of places === | === Names of places === | ||
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===== Numbers ===== | ===== Numbers ===== | ||
- | 1 chi̍t | + | ==== 1-10 ==== |
- | 2 nn̄g | + | |
- | 3 saⁿ | + | ^ Number ^ Taiwanese ^ |
- | 4 sì | + | | 1 | chi̍t |
- | 5 gō͘ | + | | 2 | nn̄g | |
- | 6 la̍k | + | | 3 | saⁿ | |
- | 7 chhit | + | | 4 | sì | |
- | 8 poeh | + | | 5 | gō͘ | |
- | 9 káu | + | | 6 | la̍k | |
- | 10 cha̍p | + | | 7 | chhit | |
+ | | 8 | poeh | | ||
+ | | 9 | káu | | ||
+ | | 10 | cha̍p | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== 11-30 ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ Number ^ Taiwanese ^ | ||
+ | | 11 | cha̍p-it | | ||
+ | | 12 | cha̍p-jī | | ||
+ | | 13 | cha̍p-saⁿ | | ||
+ | | 14 | cha̍p-sì | | ||
+ | | 15 | cha̍p-gō͘ | | ||
+ | | 16 | cha̍p-la̍k | | ||
+ | | 17 | cha̍p-chhit | | ||
+ | | 18 | cha̍p-poeh | | ||
+ | | 19 | cha̍p-káu | | ||
+ | | 20 | jī-cha̍p | | ||
+ | | 21 | jī-cha̍p-it | | ||
+ | | 22 | jī-cha̍p-jī | | ||
+ | | 23 | jī-cha̍p-saⁿ | | ||
+ | | 24 | jī-cha̍p-sì | | ||
+ | | 25 | jī-cha̍p-gō͘ | | ||
+ | | 26 | jī-cha̍p-la̍k | | ||
+ | | 27 | jī-cha̍p-chhit | | ||
+ | | 28 | jī-cha̍p-poeh | | ||
+ | | 29 | jī-cha̍p-káu | | ||
+ | | 30 | saⁿ-cha̍p | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Notes: notice 11 is **cha̍p-it** even though 1 is **chi̍t**, and 12 is **cha̍p-jī** even though 2 is nn̄g. | ||
+ | Notice, too, that that 20 is **jī-cha̍p** even though 2 is **nn̄g**. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Multiples of ten ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ Number ^ Taiwanese ^ | ||
+ | | 20 | jī-cha̍p | | ||
+ | | 30 | saⁿ-cha̍p | | ||
+ | | 40 | sì-cha̍p | | ||
+ | | 50 | gō͘-cha̍p | | ||
+ | | 60 | la̍k-cha̍p | | ||
+ | | 70 | chhit-cha̍p | | ||
+ | | 80 | poeh-cha̍p | | ||
+ | | 90 | káu-cha̍p | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Notes: notice that 20 is **jī-cha̍p** even though 2 is **nn̄g**. Otherwise, all multiples of ten are regular. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Multiples of one hundred ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ Number ^ Taiwanese ^ | ||
+ | | 100 | chi̍t-pah | | ||
+ | | 200 | nn̄g-pah | | ||
+ | | 300 | saⁿ-pah | | ||
+ | | 400 | sì-pah | | ||
+ | | 500 | gō͘-pah | | ||
+ | | 600 | la̍k-pah | | ||
+ | | 700 | chhit-pah | | ||
+ | | 800 | poeh-pah | | ||
+ | | 900 | káu-pah | | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Multiples of one thousand ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ Number ^ Taiwanese ^ | ||
+ | | 1000 | chi̍t-chheng | | ||
+ | | 2000 | nn̄g-chheng | | ||
+ | | 3000 | saⁿ-chheng | | ||
+ | | 4000 | sì-chheng | | ||
+ | | 5000 | gō͘-chheng | | ||
+ | | 6000 | la̍k-chheng | | ||
+ | | 7000 | chhit-chheng | | ||
+ | | 8000 | poeh-chheng | | ||
+ | | 9000 | káu-chheng | | ||
===== Difficulties of learning Taiwanese ===== | ===== Difficulties of learning Taiwanese ===== |