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taiwanese [2012/09/18 16:47]
monkeypuzzle [Vocabulary] 		taiwanese [2012/11/03 00:44] (current)
monkeypuzzle
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 | Ta̍k-ke hó      | 逐家好  | (To a group of people) Hello  | <fs x-small>Despite the resemblance, **ta̍k-ke** is not related to the Mandarin 大家. The final k in **ta̍k** gives it out -- 大 doesn't end in a consonant in any dialect.</fs> | | Ta̍k-ke hó      | 逐家好  | (To a group of people) Hello  | <fs x-small>Despite the resemblance, **ta̍k-ke** is not related to the Mandarin 大家. The final k in **ta̍k** gives it out -- 大 doesn't end in a consonant in any dialect.</fs> |
 | Chia̍h-pá%%--%%bōe  | 吃飽未？ | //A common greeting//         | <fs x-small>Literally "have you eaten?", but actually a greeting, so don't think you are being invited to eat!</fs>  | | Chia̍h-pá%%--%%bōe  | 吃飽未？ | //A common greeting//         | <fs x-small>Literally "have you eaten?", but actually a greeting, so don't think you are being invited to eat!</fs>  |
 +| Gâu-chá!   | Gâu-早！    | Good morning                         |   |
 +| To-siā   | 多謝    | Thank you                         |   |
 +| Bē   |     | It's nothing. You're welcome.                         |   |
 +| Pháiⁿ-sè | 歹勢 | I'm sorry |   |
 +| Sit-le̍ | 失禮 | I'm very sorry |   |
 +
 +=== Talking about language ===
 +
 +^     Taiwanese     ^  Characters  ^      English      ^        Notes      ^
 +| Che Tâi-oân-ōe beh án-chóaⁿ kóng? | 這台灣話beh án-chóaⁿ講?  | How do you say this in Taiwanese? |  |
 +| Góa thiaⁿ bô | 我聽無 | I don't understand | |
 +| Chhiáⁿ kóng khah bān leh | 請講較慢leh | Please speak more slowly | |
 +| Chhiáⁿ koh kóng chi̍t-pái | 請koh講一pái | Please say that again | |
 +| Chhiáⁿ siá%%--%%lo̍h-lâi | 請寫落來 | Please write it down | |
  
 ===== Grammar ===== ===== Grammar =====
Line 134: Line 148:
  
 <WRAP indent> <WRAP indent>
-**Che sī toh-á.**+**Che sī toh-á.**\\
 This is a table. This is a table.
  
-**He sī bîn-chhn̂g.**+**He sī bîn-chhn̂g.**\\
 That is a bed. That is a bed.
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
Line 144: Line 158:
  
 <WRAP indent> <WRAP indent>
-**I m̄-sī Tân sian-siⁿ.**+**I m̄-sī Tân sian-siⁿ.**\\
 He isn't Mr. Tân(陳). He isn't Mr. Tân(陳).
  
-**Góa m̄-sī Ji̍t-pún-lâng.**+**Góa m̄-sī Ji̍t-pún-lâng.**\\
 I'm not Japanese. I'm not Japanese.
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
Line 157: Line 171:
 (p. 48 台湾語会話) (p. 48 台湾語会話)
  
 +==== The particle e(兮) ====
 +
 +==== Ability and permission ====
 +
 +Both **ē-sái** and **ē-tàng** mean **being able to**.
 +
 +**ē-sái** expresses that circumstances allow for something, while **ē-tàng** 
 +expresses that authorization exists to do something. Not all speakers do this distinction, though.
 +
 +The negation of these expressions are **bē-sái** and **bē-tàng**.
 +
 +When politely requesting authorization, use **kám ē-sái**.
 +
 +<WRAP indent>
 +**Chia kám ē-sái chia̍h-hun?**\\
 +Can I smoke in here?
 +
 +**Ē-sái**\\
 +Yes, you can.
 +
 +**Bē-sái**\\
 +No, you can't.
 +</WRAP>
 ===== Vocabulary ===== ===== Vocabulary =====
 +
 +=== Terms of address ===
 +
 +^ Taiwanese ^ Characters ^ English ^ Notes ^
 +| Sin-seⁿ/Sian-siⁿ | 先生  | Sir | <fs x-small>Used to call the attention of a man</fs> |
 +| Sió-chiá | 小姐  | Lady | <fs x-small>Used to call the attention of a woman</fs> |
 +| O-jí-sáng |  | Sir  | <fs x-small>Used to address a middle-aged man. From Japanese おじさん.</fs> |
 +| O-bá-sáng/A-sáng |  | Lady  | <fs x-small>Used to address a middle-aged woman. From Japanese おばさん.</fs> |
 +| A-kong | 阿公 | Sir, grandpa | <fs x-small>Used to address an elderly man or your grandfather.</fs> |
 +| A-má | 阿媽 | Lady, grandma | <fs x-small>Used to address an elderly woman or your grandmother.</fs> |
 +| Thâu-ke | 頭家 | Boss, manager, owner of a business |  |
 +| Thâu-ke-niû | 頭家娘 | (Female) boss, manager, owner of a business |  |
 +
 +=== Adjectives ===
 +
 +== Size ==
 +
 +^ Taiwanese ^ Characters ^ English ^
 +| tōa | 大 | big |
 +| tiong | 中 | middle |
 +| sió | 小 | small |
 +| sè | 細 | small, tiny |
  
 === Names of places === === Names of places ===
Line 182: Line 241:
 ===== Numbers ===== ===== Numbers =====
  
-1 chi̍t +==== 1-10 ====
-2 nn̄g +
-3 saⁿ +
-4 sì +
-5 gō͘ +
-6 la̍k +
-7 chhit +
-8 poeh +
-9 káu +
-10 cha̍p+
  
-===== Difficulties of learning Taiwanese =====+^ Number ^ Taiwanese ^ 
 +| 1 | chi̍t | 
 +| 2 | nn̄g | 
 +| 3 | saⁿ | 
 +| 4 | sì | 
 +| 5 | gō͘ | 
 +| 6 | la̍k | 
 +| 7 | chhit | 
 +| 8 | poeh | 
 +| 9 | káu | 
 +| 10 | cha̍p |
  
-  -Spoken only. Few written materials. Unnatural to read. However, I learn better by reading and it’s hard to follow spoken materials. +==== 11-30 ====
-  -Written materials don’t cover conversation anyway. +
-  -Scarcity of materials. +
-  -Similar words in Mandarin fool me into thinking Taiwanese won’t be that difficult. +
-  -Multiple transliteration schemes. +
-  -Nobody to speak it with. Learning passive skills only is difficult. +
-  -Many tones and massive tone changes. +
-  -No gradual method of learning the language that I know of. It seems to be all or nothing. +
-  -I’m not in Taiwan. +
-  -I don’t really like the language. +
-  -All materials simply show samples of the language out of which I’m supposed to make sense. No explanations. +
-  -I can’t get used to the fact that there is much from Taiwanese that I have to learn from scratch. +
-  -I’m not used to learning a analytical, monosyllabic, tonal language from scratch. +
-  -No inexhaustible source from which to learn and practice the language pleasurably if I ever become proficient at it. +
-  -Many people who speak it are bilingual anyway. No feeling of “conquer the language and you will conquer the culture/country”. Can’t attach the language to the country as much as, say, French can be attached to France. Seems important but not indispensable to understanding Taiwan. +
-  -Having listened to my language all my life without learning much doesn’t make me feel better. +
-  -Why do I want to learn the language anyway? There isn’t much to do in it, except for eavesdropping in my parents’ conversation, which I rarely get to hear nowadays. +
-  -It’s hard to convince myself that the words I read are actual words that evoke the meaning they are supposed to evoke. Can’t get used to the sounds. +
-  -No standardized character representation. Taiwanese written with characters looks like gibberish.+
  
-===== Any reasons to learn it? =====+^ Number ^ Taiwanese ^ 
 +| 11 | cha̍p-it | 
 +| 12 | cha̍p-jī | 
 +| 13 | cha̍p-saⁿ | 
 +| 14 | cha̍p-sì | 
 +| 15 | cha̍p-gō͘ | 
 +| 16 | cha̍p-la̍k | 
 +| 17 | cha̍p-chhit | 
 +| 18 | cha̍p-poeh | 
 +| 19 | cha̍p-káu | 
 +| 20 | jī-cha̍p | 
 +| 21 | jī-cha̍p-it | 
 +| 22 | jī-cha̍p-jī | 
 +| 23 | jī-cha̍p-saⁿ | 
 +| 24 | jī-cha̍p-sì | 
 +| 25 | jī-cha̍p-gō͘ | 
 +| 26 | jī-cha̍p-la̍k | 
 +| 27 | jī-cha̍p-chhit | 
 +| 28 | jī-cha̍p-poeh | 
 +| 29 | jī-cha̍p-káu | 
 +| 30 | saⁿ-cha̍p |
  
-  -The challenge. +Notes: notice 11 is **cha̍p-it** even though 1 is **chi̍t**, and 12 is **cha̍p-jī** even though 2 is nn̄g.  
-  -What I’ll learn about learning languages through learning Taiwanese. +Notice, too, that that 20 is **jī-cha̍p** even though 2 is **nn̄g**. 
-  -Language as an act of faith: I won’t know what the language is good for until I actually learn it. + 
-  -Maybe I’m just disappointed because I still don’t know enough of the language.+==== Multiples of ten ==== 
 + 
 +^ Number ^ Taiwanese ^ 
 +| 20 | jī-cha̍p | 
 +| 30 | saⁿ-cha̍p | 
 +| 40 | sì-cha̍p | 
 +| 50 | gō͘-cha̍p | 
 +| 60 | la̍k-cha̍p | 
 +| 70 | chhit-cha̍p | 
 +| 80 | poeh-cha̍p | 
 +| 90 | káu-cha̍p | 
 + 
 +Notes: notice that 20 is **jī-cha̍p** even though 2 is **nn̄g**. Otherwise, all multiples of ten are regular. 
 + 
 +==== Multiples of one hundred ==== 
 + 
 +^ Number ^ Taiwanese ^ 
 +| 100 | chi̍t-pah | 
 +| 200 | nn̄g-pah | 
 +| 300 | saⁿ-pah | 
 +| 400 | sì-pah | 
 +| 500 | gō͘-pah | 
 +| 600 | la̍k-pah | 
 +| 700 | chhit-pah | 
 +| 800 | poeh-pah | 
 +| 900 | káu-pah | 
 + 
 + 
 +==== Multiples of one thousand ==== 
 + 
 +^ Number ^ Taiwanese ^ 
 +| 1000 | chi̍t-chheng | 
 +| 2000 | nn̄g-chheng | 
 +| 3000 | saⁿ-chheng | 
 +| 4000 | sì-chheng | 
 +| 5000 | gō͘-chheng | 
 +| 6000 | la̍k-chheng | 
 +| 7000 | chhit-chheng | 
 +| 8000 | poeh-chheng | 
 +| 9000 | káu-chheng |
  
 ===== Books ===== ===== Books =====
Line 249: Line 350:
  
 It turns out I don't have any books in English. However, there is a [[http://www.tailingua.com/resources/books/|nice list]] you can refer to at tailingua.com. It turns out I don't have any books in English. However, there is a [[http://www.tailingua.com/resources/books/|nice list]] you can refer to at tailingua.com.
 +
 +
 +===== Difficulties of learning Taiwanese =====
 +
 +  -Spoken only. Few written materials. Unnatural to read. However, I learn better by reading and it’s hard to follow spoken materials.
 +  -Written materials don’t cover conversation anyway.
 +  -Scarcity of materials.
 +  -Similar words in Mandarin fool me into thinking Taiwanese won’t be that difficult.
 +  -Multiple transliteration schemes.
 +  -Nobody to speak it with. Learning passive skills only is difficult.
 +  -Many tones and massive tone changes.
 +  -No gradual method of learning the language that I know of. It seems to be all or nothing.
 +  -I’m not in Taiwan.
 +  -I don’t really like the language.
 +  -All materials simply show samples of the language out of which I’m supposed to make sense. No explanations.
 +  -I can’t get used to the fact that there is much from Taiwanese that I have to learn from scratch.
 +  -I’m not used to learning a analytical, monosyllabic, tonal language from scratch.
 +  -No inexhaustible source from which to learn and practice the language pleasurably if I ever become proficient at it.
 +  -Many people who speak it are bilingual anyway. No feeling of “conquer the language and you will conquer the culture/country”. Can’t attach the language to the country as much as, say, French can be attached to France. Seems important but not indispensable to understanding Taiwan.
 +  -Having listened to my language all my life without learning much doesn’t make me feel better.
 +  -Why do I want to learn the language anyway? There isn’t much to do in it, except for eavesdropping in my parents’ conversation, which I rarely get to hear nowadays.
 +  -It’s hard to convince myself that the words I read are actual words that evoke the meaning they are supposed to evoke. Can’t get used to the sounds.
 +  -No standardized character representation. Taiwanese written with characters looks like gibberish.
 +
 +===== Any reasons to learn it? =====
 +
 +  -The challenge.
 +  -What I’ll learn about learning languages through learning Taiwanese.
 +  -Language as an act of faith: I won’t know what the language is good for until I actually learn it.
 +  -Maybe I’m just disappointed because I still don’t know enough of the language.
taiwanese.1347986870.txt.gz · Last modified: 2012/09/18 16:47 by monkeypuzzle

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